General Macarthur And The Emperor Essays - Occupied Japan, Hirohito

General Macarthur And The Emperor General MacArthur and the Emperor If ever a picture was worth a thousand words, it was the image of General MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito standing side by side during their historic first meeting on September 27, 1945. In it, a casually dressed MacArthur towers over the stiff, formally attired Emperor. What does it say? asks historian Carol Gluck. It says, I'm MacArthur, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, and I'm in charge. For millions of Japanese, it brought home in an entirely new way the notion that they had lost the war. General MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito were considered to be two of the most enigmatic figures of the 20th century. The ambiguity surrounding their roles in leading Japan before and after the war make one realize how complex (and just plain strange) they actually were. To many of his subjects, Hirohito was the emperor of heaven, not really a man at all, but the living incarnation of Japan. No matter what you may know about the two men, their lives provide an interesting perspective into how the running and occupation of japan worked. Emperor Hirohito was installed as Crown Prince at the age of fifteen, Hirohito attained what was called the Chrysanthemum Throne (dont ask why) in 1926 when his father, the Emperor Yoshihito died. Because his father had been weak and sickly, Hirohito ruled more in his grandfathers shadow, the great Emperor Meiji, who presided over Japan's ridiculously funny late-19th-century opening up to the West and modernization. Even before assuming the throne, many web sites that could have been actually made-up say that Hirohito reflected the same fascination with the West, especially after his six-month tour of Europe in 1921, where he picked up a lasting taste for Western food and clothes. Personally, I have a hard time believing that a vacation when he was nine could have possibly affected him so profoundly, but it seems to have been shown at least partially true in 1975, when he visited the United States, meeting John Wayne, conversing with President Ford, and receiving a Mickey Mouse watch he supposedly wore for years. In between, however, he presided over one of the largest and most costly military ventures since Hannibal. In the years after the war, the accepted version of events holds that Hirohito was essentially a pawn of the militarists who gained control of the government shortly after he took the throne. MacArthur, convinced he needed the Emperors help (that is to say, his submission) to run a smooth occupation, played no small part in establishing this version. With Hirohito's quiet manner, love of haiku and marine biology, the image of the peace-loving man who was powerless to stop his country's murderous expansion took hold. But in the decade since his death, a fuller inquiry into what happened has convinced a number of historians that this version, while partially true, is far from exact. Hirohito's ability to thwart the militarists was definitely limited -- he was more a symbol of the state than an actual ruler -- but he was not nearly as blameless as hi s defenders would have it. In his book, Tenno, historian Richard B. Finn sums it up this way: The decisions that led to the war in 1941 were made unanimously by the cabinet, the emperor was fully informed about them, they were often made in his presence, he knew in advance of the plan to attack Hawaii, and he even made suggestions about how to carry it out. In September of 1945, General Douglas MacArthur, although previously a respected commander in the Pacific and later to be even better known in the U.S. for his exploits in Korea, was about to receive an even greater honor. For the sake of the occupation, and restructuring of Japan, the genral was to be referred to as the SCAP, or Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. From the start, the Occupation went hand in hand with the name MacArthur. Despite his leadership of a highly successful occupation, MacArthur was not actually responsible for the majority of the restructuring; Planners in D.C drew up most of the process. On August 15, 1945, the Japanese people heard their emperors voice for

SPIDE System Essays

SPIDE System Essays SPIDE System Paper SPIDE System Paper The S stands for search, it means to look 20-30 seconds ahead for information to help you travel. The P in SPIDER is to predict. You predict the actions or changes on or near the road that could increase risks. The l, stands for identify, it means that you identify objects or conditions ahead that could help you interfere with your path. The D means to decide, you decide what action to take at least 4-5 seconds ahead of time to control or decrease risks. Lastly, the E in SPIDER, stands for execute, which means to perform the actions needed. The first risk was on a Sunday morning, when me and my mom were heading to MAC Donaldson to get breakfast. We were on the corner of our street ready to turn left, when suddenly a car going like 35 miles per hour , comes out of nowhere. I thought that he was going to crash us, and that we were going to get hurt. But lucky my mom stopped the car in time, and the car didnt crash us I would of done the same as my mom to prevent an accident. The second risk I had, was on a Tuesday, in the afternoon. My dad had come to pick us up because we missed the bus. We were in the street, and from like 2 blocks away, you could see that the light was green. But all of a sudden, the light turned yellow, and we were t going to be able to pass the light before it turned red, but lucky my dad stopped quickly. On the side next to us though, the truck accelerated because he didnt want to wait, but when the other lane s turned green, the cars went and so the truck got crashed by 2 cars, Just because he didnt want to wait. I was really proud of dad because he stopped instead of going. Im pretty sure I would of done the same. The third risk I had, was on Friday, when all of my family, including me, were going to my aunts house because she had cooked us dinner. So we were on a long street that had a speed limit of 20 miles per hour. My dad was following the speed limit, but the car in front of us was t. I guess that he or she was really inpatient because that person had decided to go faster, even though he or she knew that there were uniqueness if you went faster. At the end of that street there was a police officer checking the speed limit of each car with some type of gun. When the officer saw that the car in front of us was speeding, he stopped the car and gave that person a ticket. It was really good that my dad had decided to keep the limit because first, we decreased many chances of an accident. Second, we didnt get a ticket. I would have done the same as my dad, or even went a little bit slower, Just to make sure. SPIDER System By Malaysia

Can film as a medium support the development of ideas and techniques Essay

Can film as a medium support the development of ideas and techniques of representation on architecture - Essay Example Freed from realitys financial, logistical and legal constraints, cinema is an ideal medium that has been created for utopian visions and different approaches to architectural design. The power of film has helped to bring architectural ideas closer to a broad public, in such films as The cabinet of Dr. Caligari or Metropolis. The 20th century has experienced a shift from an attitude towards consideration of time and space. Therefore space was characterised by physical boundaries while time was continuous, both of which were defined by the stability of the structure. They were also characterised by closed systems consisting of universals free of an individual’s familiarity. The newly-found experience of space and time stood for multiplicity, fragmentation, or rather an open system free from universal continuity recognising the independence of the individual’s perceptions. The important experience was first demonstrated by the works of art forms of the early twenties, which included the simultaneity that is present in Futurism, Cubism, as well as the thriving film industry, which is covered in this paper. The proposal that time and space are intimately and inherently enjoined means that the likelihood of enjoining those forms of art is conventionally understood as spatial of the temporal. Whi le the features of a sound are straightforwardly affected by the space in which it is contained, the recognition of an image can only be understood as time passes by (Awan, Schneider and Till, 2011). The image, which is mobile, is the means through which space and time are inherently combined by means of motion, image, and sound. The moving image is capable of stimulating expectations, memories and presenting simultaneous occurrences in the presence of nonlinear division of space and time. As the new knowledge of space and time becomes stronger, the past, present and future can all be featured in any

WHY RELIGION IS PROHIBE AT PUBLICS SCHOOLS ON THE 60 AND WHY WE STILL Essay

WHY RELIGION IS PROHIBE AT PUBLICS SCHOOLS ON THE 60 AND WHY WE STILL NOT TALKING TO RELIGION NOW - Essay Example It is then only a matter of policy that to avoid conflicts each and every religion must be respected not only by the government but with every person. The issue of religion is among the most sensitive of all topics that can be raised in any occasion. Many debates had been started and to no end when such is the subject. Arguments may extend for hours but there is no guarantee that anything will be resolved. Any person’s belief may be as intense or as placid but when it comes to conviction people do not easily bend to the will of others. Religion may also be a source of hatred because of ignorance and worse because of intolerance. After the 9/11 attack there had been reports that mosques of nonviolent Muslims were attacked carelessly with people throwing rocks or vandalizing their premises. For quite some time, the same people were heavily stereotyped as terrorists without any cause or evidence. This further shows that religion is a diverse and sensitive topic that explains why it is considered as somewhat an off topic. In 1960, during John F. Kennedy’s bid for president, religion was the question he dreaded the most to be asked though it was a pressing matter at the time. â€Å"Kennedy pledged unequivocal support for the uniquely American principle of church-state separation, opposed public aid for parochial schools, and opposed an ambassador to the Vatican† (Menendez, 2011). As expected, there was a division of reaction among the people with those who are criticizing his secular view. He insists that he does not want to be voted for solely because of his religion. He maintains that voters should choose him for his credentials and what he can do for the country and not because he is a catholic candidate. Evangelists had been wary of his election that their influence will be affected or even boasting that they could make or break his campaign. In the important case of Engel vs. Vitale, the Supreme Court held that prayer is absolutely prohibit ed before the start of classes though any student may opt to remain silent and not to participate in it. The same was also prohibited regardless of the fact that the mandated prayer is neutral. The prayer approved and recommended by the New York State Board of Regents was to be recited before class. The prayer reads, â€Å"Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependence upon Thee, and we beg Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our teachers and our Country† (Engel vs. Vitale, 1962). This was implemented as a part of their holistic training. Thereafter, parents of ten children opposed the prescribed routine as against the Constitution and their rights. The prayer was deemed by the Court as a religious practice and ordered to refrain from the practice in the public schools. The decision even went so far as to discuss history and cite that it is the similar religious conflicts that compelled the first settlers to leave England for the New World. It is the interference of religion tha t has contributed to the lives of men which needed the monarchy’s approval. â€Å"When the power, prestige and financial support of government is placed behind a particular religious belief, the indirect coercive pressure upon religious minorities to conform to the prevailing officially approved religion is plain† (Engel vs. Vitale, 1962). There had been radical opposing views in this subject throughout the years especially from people belonging to religious groups. Gary Bergel, in a sectarian paper, said â€Å"Think then, what happens to a nation rife with perjury, broken marriage covenants, unforgiveness, cults with demonic covenants, extortion, bribery,

The Benefits of Smaller Classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Benefits of Smaller Classes - Essay Example The Baldwin   (1993: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272)   learning has limits that propose extra inquiries may add to the facts accounting studies. In his study, Baldwin disclosed that a large section whereas doctoral students trained the smaller classes and that this teacher observed some burden to do a decent job so as not to teaching status. Baldwin’s goal was not to regulate variables other than strength proportions, but to match outcomes from Introductory Accounting communicated in a bulk-lecture design by an exceptional teacher to results achieved by doctoral student teachers in smaller divisions. Lastly, Baldwin writes, ‘Another limitation common to this type of experimentation is that the outcome assessment tool used was a set of multiple choice examinations’ (1993, p. 110: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272). Hill (1998: cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002: p272) also recognized limits of founding performance indicators on multiple choice questions and the lecture technique. She documented that multiple choice questions do not permit teachers to assess high-order reasoning abilities.

Deflection of Coil Tipped Catheter

Deflection of Coil Tipped Catheter It happens that most of it are remotely steerable catheters. In this paper, it becomes fit to the lines can be used for turning of the wall unto the pool of the inclination of the times, the rotation can be made, the counsel and the miniaturization capabilities. The deflection of the coil-tipped catheter has been studied and verified by the following experimental derived equation [9]. The above equation majorly depends on the magnetic field strength, current applied, the number of turns of the solenoid coil and stiffness of the catheter. The torque generated by the excitation of the deflection coil that allows the catheter tip to deflect or move in the desired direction has been counter balance by reinstating torque created mechanically by the catheter [9]. A linear relation has been observed between the number of turns of the solenoid coil and the mechanical angular bend of the tip, it has also been found that by increasing the magnetic field strength of the MRI Scanner like making it double from 1.5 Tesla to 3 Tesla effecting the deflection angle to be double over a broader spectrum of current values [9]. For better understanding in the clinical application, the catheter tip could get the deflection of about 90 degrees for a standard catheter which has the tip length around 7mm having the 100 turns of solenoid coil that will be energized with current of 300 mill iamps and the MRI gantry is at 1.5 Tesla [9]. It is important to note that the decrease in the tip length will result a reduction in the number of turns and by increasing the coil current can get the same result. It is worth noting that the catheter tip could be kept on hold for about a minute towards a defined target due to the magnetic force, this aspect is most useful for the application of Cardiac Ablation [9]. Since the time required to deflect the catheter tip is rapidly thats why charging the coil for few seconds could allow steering inside the vessels [9]. By using three different coils on the catheter tip arranged orthogonally, allows the tip movement in the 3D space means the tip can be navigated at any required direction [33]. Design and manufacturing of these coils are done by laser Lithography technique which is been smartly arranged on the catheter tip. Further studies show the limitation to acquire smaller diameter deflection of the tip due to the arranging of one coil over another, therefore an alternative design can be suggested to eliminate this issue in which the coils should spread along the length of the tip rather than overlapping each other [33]. The design of the ferromagnetic sphere approach has the advantage of allowing independent motion in all directions irrespective of the main magnetic field of MRI by using forces of the magnetic gradient [22]. As we have previously discussed in the design, that by using two ferromagnetic beads the deflection will increase twice as compared to the single bead configuration. Due to using two beads the bending occurred in catheter tip will make like S shape curve, where as its shape and amplitude will become more pronounced by increasing the beads distance. According to the studies, when the two beads having the distance of 4.5mm and tip length of 32.7mm then we get the largest lateral deflection of about 20.3 mm [22]. The deflection up to that extent will add up the weight of a second bead and casing dimensions at the catheter tip. Studies also reveals that with single bead or too closely spaced two beads, the catheter tip could deflect erratically in amplitude. Time required for the successful deflection depend on the time to energize the magnetic gradient [22]. The catheter tip containing material called as SMPs and SMAs allow a border spectrum of catheter navigation. Both materials having different properties of thermal conductivity and thermal expansion. Comparatively SMAs is more quick to regain its original shape from SMPs, numerically SMAs take only few milliseconds where as SMPs takes few seconds to restore their original shape [26]. To regain original shape by cooling in SMAs is very slow and the structure is so small that we cannot use forced cooling, SMAs show irregularity so its precision is quite doubtful [16]. A very small amount of SMP or SMA is required to provoke the movement because the size of the catheter tip is so small. The design of a catheter tip proposed with hydraulic or pneumatic approach would have an instantaneous response time to the pressure changes occurred due to gas or fluid [16]. The material of catheter is responsible for the flexibility of pressurizing lumens to pull wire catheter. The major problem of pneumatic and hydraulic actuator is precision and force control, shows nonlinearity because of the kinetic molecular properties of fluids [15]. Other parameter like temperature, shape, fatigue and friction is also changeable during procedure [15].

Color of America :: essays research papers

Color of America Essay 1.) During the last few centuries many people have migrated to America. One of the main reasons for that is that they all hear about the American Dream and the Promise of America. The American Dream/Promise of America is pretty much a false idea. People from many different places hear that there is freedom and fairness here in this nation, and they hear that there is opportunity in America for everyone and that everyone had a word in things. This promise wasn’t really a promise though. For Native Americans, African-Americans, and other groups†¦this promise has been broken†¦mostly because the American Dream is obtainable†¦but very difficult to achieve. Let’s take African-Americans for example. African-Americans obviously have a very large difference compared to most others in the world. They are black. People seemed to have a difficult time accepting this and because the farmers and people working on plantations with slaves all got their slaves mainly from Africa and the blacks were chosen to be used by them to do all of their work. This made the blacks immediately a lower class of people and before they knew it they were getting pushed to the back of the bus and not allowed to use the same bathrooms or water fountains as white people. 2,) Today American life is like a tossed salad. When people starting migrating to America many years ago, this country was known as a melting pot. Meaning that everyone just pretty much blended in with each other. This became a problem though. People didn’t always mix very well, as they all had come from different cultures and had many cultural differences and also just many different lifestyles. If this country were a melting pot with immigrants from all over bringing over their culture, this country would be very difficult to live in. You could have people like the bushmen living right next door to upper class Americans that just don’t want people who walk around pretty much nude right next to them. That then has people of different groups striving for their cultural identity to be shown because they aren’t fitting into the Eurocentric ideal of an â€Å"American† culture. Saying that this country is like a tossed salad though is a lot different and a lot more realistic. This is saying that like vegetables in a salad, ethnic groups are being able to maintain their own identities while they can still participate in the culture of Americans.